高中英语新高考通用,2022-2026高考汇编高频词汇/熟词生义
同义词替换/长难句,阅读B篇真题归纳,高考复习专项归纳,ZBYYA1011
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高考英语阅读B篇真题核心汇编(2022–2026)
内容大纲
本汇编覆盖2022至2026年高考英语全卷型阅读理解B篇,包含全国甲卷、全国乙卷、新高考I卷、新高考II卷(2022–2024)及全国一卷、全国二卷、全国甲卷、全国乙卷(2025–2026),针对B篇以记叙文、人物故事、个人经历、温情叙事类文本为主的命题特点,按年份+卷型逐一拆解核心考点。
每篇卷型均包含四大模块:
① 高频核心词(20个):B篇叙事场景高频实词、情感词、动作词,用于理清故事脉络、读懂人物态度;
② 同义替换8组:题干和原文之间的改写转换,是细节题、推断题的核心定位线索;
③ 熟词生义6组:记叙文高频熟词僻义,B篇极易设置词义猜测考点;
④ 长难句3句:摘取原文典型句式,附带主干、解析、翻译、命题点标注。
题材覆盖人物成长故事、志愿者经历、生活感悟、动物保护、旅行见闻、个人爱好、暖心事件等高考B篇高频叙事主题。
2022 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材:人物叙事·个人爱好成长故事
一、高频核心词20个
- passion n. 热爱,激情
- amateur adj. 业余的
- capture v. 捕捉,拍摄
- scenery n. 风景
- devote v. 投入,致力于
- admire v. 欣赏,钦佩
- inspiration n. 灵感
- remarkable adj. 非凡的,引人注目的
- pursue v. 追求
- journey n. 历程,旅程
- reward n. 回报,奖赏
- challenge n. & v. 挑战
- overcome v. 克服
- appreciate v. 领会,欣赏
- treasure v. 珍视 n. 珍宝
- gradually adv. 逐渐地
- outstanding adj. 出色的
- creative adj. 有创造力的
- explore v. 探索
- achievement n. 成就
二、同义替换8组
- be fond of ↔ have a passion for 热爱
- give time to ↔ devote oneself to 投入时间于
- take photos of ↔ capture images of 拍摄……
- look at … with respect ↔ admire 钦佩,欣赏
- go after ↔ pursue 追求
- difficulty ↔ challenge 困难,挑战
- get over ↔ overcome 克服
- slowly ↔ gradually 慢慢地,逐渐
三、熟词生义6组
- capture v. 拍摄(熟义:捕获)
- treasure v. 珍视(熟义:n.财宝)
- shoot v. 拍摄(熟义:射击)
- reward n. 精神回报(熟义:奖品)
- scene n. 风景画面(熟义:场景)
- work n. 作品(熟义:工作)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:What makes his works stand out is that he combines natural scenery with his personal feelings.
主干:What makes his works stand out is that…
解析:what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句;combine A with B 固定搭配
翻译:让他的作品脱颖而出的是,他将自然风光与个人情感融为一体。
命题点:主语从句、表语从句,主旨/推断题常考
2.
句子:Though he met many difficulties at the beginning, he never gave up and kept practising in his spare time.
主干:he never gave up and kept practising
解析:though引导让步状语从句
翻译:尽管一开始他遇到很多困难,但他从未放弃,坚持在空余时间练习。
命题点:让步逻辑,人物态度、细节推断
3.
句子:The hours he spent outdoors helped him develop a better understanding of the world around him.
主干:The hours helped him develop a better understanding
解析:定语从句he spent outdoors修饰the hours;固定搭配develop an understanding of
翻译:他在户外度过的时光帮助他更好地理解周遭的世界。
命题点:定语从句,因果推断
2022 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材:温情叙事·救助野生动物
一、高频核心词20个
- rescue v. & n. 营救
- wildlife n. 野生动物
- injured adj. 受伤的
- shelter n. 庇护所
- recover v. 恢复,康复
- release v. 放生,释放
- gentle adj. 温和的
- sensitive adj. 敏感的
- volunteer n. 志愿者
- routine n. 日常工作
- observe v. 观察
- signal n. 信号
- bond n. 情感联结
- grateful adj. 感激的
- temporary adj. 暂时的
- habitat n. 栖息地
- treat v. 医治,治疗
- comfort v. 安慰
- survival n. 存活
- concern n. 担忧,关心
二、同义替换8组
- save ↔ rescue 营救
- get well ↔ recover 康复
- set free ↔ release 放生
- take care of ↔ treat 照料,医治
- watch closely ↔ observe 仔细观察
- worry about ↔ concern 担心
- connection ↔ bond 情感联系
- short-term ↔ temporary 短期的,暂时的
三、熟词生义6组
- shelter n. 动物庇护所(熟义:遮蔽处)
- release v. 放生(熟义:发布)
- treat v. 医治(熟义:对待;款待)
- bond n. 情感纽带(熟义:债券)
- routine n. 照料流程(熟义:常规)
- signal n. (动物)行为信号(熟义:信号)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:After checking its condition, the volunteers decided to keep it in the shelter until it was strong enough to return to nature.
主干:the volunteers decided to keep it
解析:after现在分词作时间状语;until引导时间状语从句
翻译:检查它的状况之后,志愿者决定将它留在庇护所,直到它足够强壮回归自然。
命题点:时间状语,细节时序判断
2.
句子:What surprised them most was that the little creature seemed to show trust in human beings.
主干:What surprised them most was that…
解析:what主语从句,that表语从句;show trust in 信任
翻译:让他们最意外的是,这个小家伙似乎对人类表现出了信任。
命题点:主语从句,情感推断
3.
句子:The day when it was released became an unforgettable moment for everyone who took part in the rescue.
主干:The day became an unforgettable moment
解析:when定语从句修饰the day;who定语从句修饰everyone
翻译:它被放生的那天,对每一位参与营救的人而言都是难忘的时刻。
命题点:双层定语从句,细节定位
2022 全国乙卷 阅读B
题材:个人经历·徒步旅行感悟
一、高频核心词20个
- trek v. 长途徒步
- tough adj. 艰难的
- persist v. 坚持
- limit n. 极限
- mindset n. 心态
- breathtaking adj. 震撼的
- reward n. 回报
- fatigue n. 疲惫
- pause v. 暂停,歇息
- refresh v. 恢复精力
- path n. 小路
- steep adj. 陡峭的
- view n. 景色
- remind v. 提醒
- inner adj. 内心的
- courage n. 勇气
- accomplish v. 完成
- faith n. 信念
- stride n. 步伐
- barrier n. 障碍
二、同义替换8组
- hard ↔ tough 艰难的
- keep going ↔ persist 坚持
- tiredness ↔ fatigue 疲惫
- stop for a rest ↔ pause 歇息
- bring back energy ↔ refresh 恢复精力
- finish ↔ accomplish 完成
- block ↔ barrier 障碍
- point of view ↔ mindset 心态
三、熟词生义6组
- trek v. 艰苦徒步(熟义:长途行走)
- steep adj. 陡峭的(熟义:急剧的)
- view n. 风景(熟义:观点)
- stride n. 步伐(熟义:进展)
- refresh v. 恢复体力(熟义:刷新)
- limit n. 自身极限(熟义:界限)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:Although every muscle ached, he chose to move on rather than give up halfway up the steep mountain.
主干:he chose to move on
解析:although让步状语从句;rather than 而不是
翻译:尽管浑身肌肉酸痛,在陡峭的半山腰,他选择继续前行而不是放弃。
命题点:让步+取舍结构,人物态度推断
2.
句子:What he gained from the trek was far more than just a beautiful view on the top.
主干:What he gained was far more than a beautiful view
解析:what引导主语从句;far more than 远不止
翻译:他从这次徒步中收获的,远不止山顶的美景。
命题点:主语从句,主旨题
3.
句子:The experience taught him that real strength lies in the willingness to keep trying when things get difficult.
主干:The experience taught him that…
解析:that引导宾语从句;when时间状语从句;lie in 在于
翻译:这段经历教会他,真正的力量在于困境中愿意不断尝试。
命题点:宾语从句,感悟推断
2022 北京卷 阅读B
题材:人物故事·社区志愿长者
一、高频核心词20个
- senior n. 长者
- devotee n. 热爱者
- community n. 社区
- cheer v. 鼓舞,使开心
- neighbour n. 邻居
- routine n. 日常
- selfless adj. 无私的
- spare adj. 空闲的
- assist v. 协助
- comfort n. 慰藉
- laugh n. 欢笑
- connect v. 联结
- spirit n. 精神
- inspire v. 激励
- modest adj. 谦逊的
- impact n. 影响
- tiny adj. 微小的
- action n. 举动
- belong v. 归属
- warmth n. 温暖
二、同义替换8组
- help ↔ assist 帮助
- give one’s time ↔ devote 投入时间
- influence ↔ impact 影响
- make sb happy ↔ cheer sb up 使某人开心
- link ↔ connect 联结
- free time ↔ spare time 空闲时间
- small ↔ tiny 微小的
- unselfish ↔ selfless 无私的
三、熟词生义6组
- senior n. 年长居民(熟义:高年级学生)
- cheer v. 抚慰、使舒心(熟义:欢呼)
- belong v. 有归属感(熟义:属于)
- routine n. 固定善举(熟义:惯例)
- modest adj. 低调谦逊(熟义:适度的)
- action n. 善行举动(熟义:行动)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:While most people chose to stay at home in their free time, this old man spent hours serving his neighbours.
主干:this old man spent hours serving his neighbours
解析:while引导对比状语从句
翻译:当大多数人空闲时选择待在家里,这位老人却花很多时间为邻居提供帮助。
命题点:while对比逻辑,人物品质推断
2.
句子:He believes that even tiny acts of kindness can spread warmth across the whole community.
主干:He believes that…
解析:that引导宾语从句
翻译:他相信即便是微小的善举,也能把温暖传遍整个社区。
命题点:宾语从句,观点理解
3.
句子:What makes him special is not what he has done but the sincere love he shows to everyone around him.
主干:What makes him special is not…but…
解析:not…but… 不是……而是;两处what从句,定语从句修饰love
翻译:让他与众不同的,不是他做过什么大事,而是他向身边每个人流露的真诚善意。
命题点:并列对比结构,主旨句
2023 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材:成长叙事·学习乐器的心路历程
一、高频核心词20个
- instrument n. 乐器
- persist v. 坚持
- frustrated adj. 沮丧的
- progress n. 进步
- practise v. 练习
- master v. 精通
- melody n. 旋律
- patience n. 耐心
- overcome v. 克服
- hesitate v. 犹豫
- perform v. 表演
- audience n. 观众
- nervous adj. 紧张的
- confidence n. 自信
- gradually adv. 逐渐地
- reward n. 回报
- effort n. 努力
- appreciate v. 欣赏
- talent n. 天赋
- commitment n. 投入
二、同义替换8组
- upset ↔ frustrated 沮丧的
- make progress ↔ improve 取得进步
- keep on ↔ persist 坚持
- get good at ↔ master 精通
- put on a show ↔ perform 表演
- self-belief ↔ confidence 自信
- hard work ↔ effort 努力
- devotion ↔ commitment 投入
三、熟词生义6组
- master v. 熟练掌握(熟义:n.主人,大师)
- perform v. 演奏(熟义:执行)
- progress n. 进展(熟义:前进)
- appreciate v. 领略乐曲之美(熟义:感激)
- commit v. 坚持投入(熟义:犯罪;承诺)
- melody n. 曲调(熟义:旋律)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:At first, he wanted to give up because he could hardly play a simple melody without mistakes.
主干:he wanted to give up
解析:because原因状语从句
翻译:一开始他想要放弃,因为他连一段简单旋律都很难不出错地演奏。
命题点:因果逻辑,细节推断
2.
句子:It was his music teacher who encouraged him to stick to daily practice instead of expecting quick success.
主干:It was his music teacher who encouraged him…
解析:强调句型 it was…who…;instead of 而不是
翻译:正是他的音乐老师鼓励他坚持每日练习,不要期待速成。
命题点:强调句,细节定位
3.
句子:The confidence he built through practice allowed him to enjoy playing before a large audience.
主干:The confidence allowed him to enjoy playing
解析:定语从句he built through practice修饰confidence
翻译:他在练习中建立的自信,让他能够享受在众多观众面前演奏。
命题点:定语从句,因果推断
2023 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材:暖心故事·帮助陌生老人
一、高频核心词20个
- stranger n. 陌生人
- anxious adj. 焦急的
- locate v. 找到
- address n. 地址
- accompany v. 陪同
- relief n. 宽慰
- grateful adj. 感激的
- hesitate v. 犹豫
- kindness n. 善意
- scene n. 一幕场景
- recognise v. 认出
- wander v. 徘徊,迷路闲逛
- calm v. 使平静
- communicate v. 沟通
- gentle adj. 温和的
- remind v. 提醒
- treasure v. 珍视
- moment n. 瞬间
- trust n. 信任
- comfort n. 安慰
二、同义替换8组
- worried ↔ anxious 焦急的
- find ↔ locate 找到
- go with ↔ accompany 陪同
- thankful ↔ grateful 感激的
- calm down ↔ calm 使平静
- walk about lost ↔ wander 迷路徘徊
- good deed ↔ kindness 善举
- believe in ↔ trust 信任
三、熟词生义6组
- wander v. 走失闲逛(熟义:漫游)
- scene n. 生活一幕(熟义:戏剧场景)
- address n. 住址(熟义:演说)
- calm v. 安抚(熟义:adj平静的)
- moment n. 难忘瞬间(熟义:时刻)
- treasure v. 铭记珍视(熟义:财宝)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:When he noticed the old man wandering alone and looking confused, he stepped forward without hesitation.
主干:he stepped forward
解析:when时间状语从句;notice sb doing;without hesitation 毫不犹豫
翻译:当他注意到老人独自徘徊、神色迷茫时,他毫不犹豫走上前去。
命题点:时间状语从句,动作顺序
2.
句子:What mattered most was not how much time he spent but whether he could bring the old man home safely.
主干:What mattered most was not…but…
解析:what主语从句;not…but…取舍结构
翻译:最重要的不是他花了多长时间,而是他能否平安送老人回家。
命题点:主语从句,主旨理解
3.
句子:The old man’s daughter, who rushed over later, expressed sincere thanks for what he had done.
主干:The old man’s daughter expressed sincere thanks
解析:who非限制性定语从句;what宾语从句
翻译:随后赶来的老人女儿,对他所做的一切表达诚挚谢意。
命题点:非限制性定语从句,细节定位
2023 全国甲卷 阅读B
题材:动物叙事·饲养救助流浪小猫
一、高频核心词20个
- stray adj. 流浪的
- kitten n. 小猫
- fragile adj. 脆弱的
- feed v. 喂养
- nurture v. 照料养育
- gradually adv. 渐渐地
- purr v. 发出呼噜声
- trust n. & v. 信任
- timid adj. 胆小的
- shelter n. 安家之处
- playful adj. 爱玩耍的
- recover v. 恢复健康
- gentle adj. 温顺的
- attach v. 依附,亲近
- companion n. 伙伴
- warmth n. 温暖
- blink v. 眨眼
- hesitate v. 迟疑
- touch v. 触碰
- bond n. 情感羁绊
二、同义替换8组
- weak ↔ fragile 脆弱的
- take care of ↔ nurture 照料
- get better ↔ recover 康复
- shy ↔ timid 胆小的
- stick close to ↔ attach to 亲近
- friend ↔ companion 伙伴
- little by little ↔ gradually 渐渐地
- link ↔ bond 情感联结
三、熟词生义6组
- stray adj. 流浪的(熟义:偏离)
- purr v. (猫)呼噜叫(熟义:低沉震动)
- attach v. 亲近依赖(熟义:依附、粘贴)
- shelter n. 小家(熟义:避难所)
- blink v. 怯生生眨眼(熟义:闪烁)
- bond n. 人与动物的感情(熟义:纽带)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:At first the little kitten was too timid to come near, even when he put out food every evening.
主干:the little kitten was too timid to come near
解析:too…to…太……而不能;even when让步状语从句
翻译:一开始小猫十分胆小不敢靠近,即便他每天傍晚放上食物。
命题点:too…to结构,让步逻辑
2.
句子:It took several weeks before the kitten dared to rub its head against his hand and show trust.
主干:It took several weeks
解析:before引导时间状语从句;it takes some time before…
翻译:过了好几周,小猫才敢用脑袋蹭他的手,表达信任。
命题点:时间句型,时序推断
3.
句子:The quiet bond that grew between them brought unexpected warmth to his daily life.
主干:The quiet bond brought unexpected warmth
解析:that定语从句修饰bond
翻译:在二者之间慢慢建立起的这份安静羁绊,给他的日常生活带来意外温暖。
命题点:定语从句,情感主旨
2023 天津卷 阅读B
题材:个人成长·学习绘画克服自卑
一、高频核心词20个
- sketch v. 速写,素描
- doubt n. 怀疑
- insecure adj. 不自信的
- criticise v. 批评
- accept v. 接纳
- unique adj. 独特的
- style n. 风格
- creativity n. 创造力
- express v. 表达
- emotion n. 情绪
- process n. 过程
- imperfect adj. 不完美的
- brave adj. 勇敢的
- share v. 分享
- feedback n. 反馈
- inspire v. 鼓舞
- talent n. 天赋
- effort n. 努力
- recognise v. 认可
- growth n. 成长
二、同义替换8组
- unsure of oneself ↔ insecure 不自信
- point out faults ↔ criticise 批评
- one of a kind ↔ unique 独特的
- show ↔ express 表达
- not perfect ↔ imperfect 不完美
- opinion ↔ feedback 反馈
- make progress ↔ growth 成长
- encourage ↔ inspire 鼓舞
三、熟词生义6组
- sketch v. 速写(熟义:梗概)
- style n. 画风(熟义:方式)
- process n. 创作过程(熟义:工序)
- accept v. 接纳自我(熟义:接受)
- emotion n. 心绪感受(熟义:情绪)
- feedback n. 评价意见(熟义:反馈)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:Because he once feared others’ judgment, he used to hide his drawings and never dared to share them.
主干:he used to hide his drawings and never dared to share them
解析:because原因状语从句;used to 过去常常
翻译:因为曾经害怕别人的评判,他过去总是藏起画作,不敢分享。
命题点:因果逻辑,人物心理推断
2.
句子:His art teacher told him that beauty lies not in perfection but in honest self-expression.
主干:His art teacher told him that…
解析:that宾语从句;not…but…取舍结构
翻译:美术老师告诉他,美不在于完美,而在于真诚的自我表达。
命题点:宾语从句,观点理解
3.
句子:The more he sketched freely, the less he cared about whether his works satisfied others.
主干:The more he sketched freely, the less he cared
解析:the+比较级,the+比较级句型;whether宾语从句
翻译:他越自由地速写,就越不在意自己的作品是否能取悦别人。
命题点:比较级句型,态度推断
2024 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材:人物叙事·退休教师做乡村阅读推广
一、高频核心词20个
- retire v. 退休
- rural adj. 乡村的
- library n. 图书室
- literature n. 文学读物
- spark v. 激发
- curiosity n. 好奇心
- youngster n. 少年
- lack v. 缺少
- resource n. 资源
- collect v. 募集
- donate v. 捐赠
- spare adj. 空余的
- gather v. 聚集
- discuss v. 讨论
- broaden v. 拓宽
- horizon n. 眼界
- persist v. 坚持
- worthwhile adj. 值得的
- influence n. 影响
- dream n. 梦想
二、同义替换8组
- countryside ↔ rural area 乡村
- arouse ↔ spark 激发
- lack of ↔ be short of 缺少
- give away ↔ donate 捐赠
- bring together ↔ gather 聚集
- widen ↔ broaden 拓宽
- outlook ↔ horizon 眼界
- valuable ↔ worthwhile 值得的
三、熟词生义6组
- spark v. 激发(熟义:火花)
- horizon n. 眼界(熟义:地平线)
- literature n. 各类读物(熟义:文学)
- collect v. 募集书籍(熟义:收集)
- spare adj. 空闲的(熟义:备用的)
- youngster n. 乡村孩童(熟义:年轻人)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:After retiring from school, the former teacher decided to set up a small library for kids in nearby villages.
主干:the former teacher decided to set up a small library
解析:after现在分词作时间状语
翻译:从学校退休之后,这位前教师决定为附近村子的孩子建立一间小型图书室。
命题点:时间状语,细节定位
2.
句子:What troubled him at first was that local children had few chances to read storybooks.
主干:What troubled him was that…
解析:what主语从句,that表语从句
翻译:一开始困扰他的是,当地孩子几乎没有机会阅读故事书。
命题点:主表从句,细节原因
3.
句子:Every weekend, children who come to read share their ideas and broaden their horizons through books.
主干:children share their ideas and broaden their horizons
解析:who定语从句修饰children
翻译:每周末前来阅读的孩子们交流想法,借助书本拓宽眼界。
命题点:定语从句,目的推断
2024 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材:生活感悟·学习慢下来感受生活
一、高频核心词20个
- rush v. 匆忙赶路
- pace n. 节奏
- slow v. 放缓
- overlook v. 忽视
- minor adj. 微小的
- delight n. 愉悦
- pause v. 停下
- notice v. 留意
- breathe v. 呼吸
- appreciate v. 品味,欣赏
- busy adj. 忙碌的
- schedule n. 日程
- reset v. 调整,重置
- calm adj. 平静的
- mindful adj. 留心的
- treasure v. 珍惜
- moment n. 瞬间
- routine n. 日常
- stress n. 压力
- balance n. 平衡
二、同义替换8组
- hurry ↔ rush 匆忙
- speed ↔ pace 节奏
- ignore ↔ overlook 忽视
- small ↔ minor 微小的
- stop briefly ↔ pause 短暂停下
- value ↔ treasure 珍惜
- pressure ↔ stress 压力
- peaceful ↔ calm 平静的
三、熟词生义6组
- pace n. 生活节奏(熟义:步幅)
- slow v. 放缓节奏(熟义:慢的)
- reset v. 调整状态(熟义:重置)
- mindful adj. 用心感受的(熟义:留意的)
- delight n. 细碎美好(熟义:高兴)
- appreciate v. 用心感受(熟义:感激)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:He used to fill every day with tasks until he realised he was missing the beauty around him.
主干:He used to fill every day with tasks
解析:until时间状语从句;realise后省略that宾语从句
翻译:他曾经把每一天排满任务,直到意识到自己正在错过身边的美好。
命题点:until时序逻辑,心理转变推断
2.
句子:Slowing down does not mean being lazy; it means paying attention to the little joys in daily life.
主干:Slowing down does not mean being lazy; it means paying attention to…
解析:分号并列两个分句
翻译:慢下来不等于偷懒,而是留心日常生活里微小的欢喜。
命题点:并列句,作者观点
3.
句子:The moments that people often overlook are sometimes the ones that bring them the greatest happiness.
主干:The moments are sometimes the ones
解析:两处that定语从句
翻译:人们常常忽略的那些瞬间,有时恰恰是带给他们最大快乐的东西。
命题点:双层定语从句,主旨句
2024 全国甲卷 阅读B
题材:动物故事·海鸟追踪观察
一、高频核心词20个
- seabird n. 海鸟
- migration n. 迁徙
- track v. 追踪
- device n. 追踪设备
- route n. 路线
- ocean n. 海洋
- journey n. 旅途
- adapt v. 适应
- survive v. 存活
- feed v. 觅食
- locate v. 定位
- observe v. 观测
- pattern n. 规律,模式
- amaze v. 使惊叹
- endurance n. 耐力
- storm n. 风暴
- shelter v. 躲避
- vast adj. 辽阔的
- wildlife n. 野生动物
- record v. 记录
二、同义替换8组
- follow ↔ track 追踪
- way ↔ route 路线
- change to fit ↔ adapt 适应
- stay alive ↔ survive 存活
- find food ↔ feed 觅食
- rule ↔ pattern 规律
- surprise ↔ amaze 使惊叹
- large ↔ vast 辽阔的
三、熟词生义6组
- track v. 卫星追踪(熟义:小路)
- device n. 监测仪器(熟义:装置)
- pattern n. 迁徙模式(熟义:图案)
- shelter v. 躲避风浪(熟义:庇护所)
- feed v. 捕食觅食(熟义:喂养)
- endurance n. 长途耐力(熟义:忍耐)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:Researchers fixed small light devices on the birds so they could record where the seabirds travelled each year.
主干:Researchers fixed small light devices
解析:so目的状语从句;where宾语从句
翻译:研究者给海鸟装上微型感光设备,以此记录海鸟每年的迁徙路线。
命题点:目的状语从句,实验目的
2.
句子:What surprised the scientists was that these small birds could travel across thousands of miles of open ocean.
主干:What surprised the scientists was that…
解析:what主语从句,that表语从句
翻译:让科学家感到惊讶的是,这些小小的鸟儿可以飞跃数千英里开阔大洋。
命题点:主表从句,细节推断
3.
句子:They have learned that the birds will take shelter in quiet waters whenever heavy storms come along.
主干:They have learned that…
解析:that宾语从句;whenever时间状语从句
翻译:他们了解到,每当大风暴来临,海鸟就会到平静水域躲避。
命题点:宾语从句+时间状语,细节定位
2024 上海卷 阅读B
题材:成长叙事·跨文化交换经历
一、高频核心词20个
- exchange n. 交换项目
- abroad adv. 在海外
- culture n. 文化
- custom n. 习俗
- awkward adj. 尴尬的
- adjust v. 适应
- host n. 接待方
- misunderstanding n. 误解
- communicate v. 交流
- patience n. 耐心
- respect v. 尊重
- value v. 珍视
- friendship n. 友谊
- perspective n. 视角
- global adj. 全球的
- brave adj. 勇敢的
- explore v. 探索
- reflect v. 反思
- enrich v. 丰富
- journey n. 历程
二、同义替换8组
- overseas ↔ abroad 在海外
- get used to ↔ adjust 适应
- mix-up ↔ misunderstanding 误解
- point of view ↔ perspective 视角
- think carefully ↔ reflect 反思
- make richer ↔ enrich 丰富
- tradition ↔ custom 习俗
- regard highly ↔ respect 尊重
三、熟词生义6组
- host n. 寄宿家庭(熟义:主人、主持人)
- awkward adj. 窘迫的(熟义:笨拙的)
- adjust v. 适应文化(熟义:调节)
- reflect v. 复盘反思(熟义:反射)
- perspective n. 看待世界的视角(熟义:透视)
- enrich v. 丰富阅历(熟义:使肥沃)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:At first, he often felt awkward because he knew little about the local customs and social rules.
主干:he often felt awkward
解析:because原因状语从句
翻译:一开始他常常感到窘迫,因为他几乎不了解当地习俗与社交规则。
命题点:因果逻辑,心理推断
2.
句子:It took him months to realise that cultural differences do not mean one way is better than another.
主干:It took him months to realise that…
解析:it takes sb some time to do;that宾语从句
翻译:他花了数月才明白,文化差异并不代表哪一种方式更加优越。
命题点:宾语从句,主旨观点
3.
句子:The friends he made abroad helped him build a broader perspective on different people and cultures.
主干:The friends helped him build a broader perspective
解析:定语从句he made abroad修饰friends
翻译:他在海外结识的朋友,帮他建立起看待不同人群与文化的更广阔视角。
命题点:定语从句,收获推断
2025 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材:温情叙事·祖孙园艺时光
一、高频核心词20个
- garden n. 菜园,花园
- seed n. 种子
- sprout v. 发芽
- tend v. 照料
- harvest n. & v. 收获
- wisdom n. 智慧
- generation n. 一代人
- pass v. 传递
- patient adj. 有耐心的
- seasonal adj. 随季节的
- soil n. 土壤
- sunshine n. 阳光
- weed v. 除草
- reward n. 回报
- memory n. 回忆
- cherish v. 珍藏
- connect v. 联结
- simple adj. 朴素的
- lesson n. 启示
- growth n. 生长,成长
二、同义替换8组
- look after ↔ tend 照料
- crop collection ↔ harvest 收获
- knowledge ↔ wisdom 智慧
- hand down ↔ pass on 传递
- pull weeds ↔ weed 除草
- treasure ↔ cherish 珍藏
- link ↔ connect 联结
- teaching ↔ lesson 启示
三、熟词生义6组
- tend v. 打理植物(熟义:倾向于)
- sprout v. 发芽(熟义:冒出)
- harvest n. 收成(熟义:丰收)
- lesson n. 生活启示(熟义:课)
- growth n. 植物长势(熟义:成长)
- seasonal adj. 时令的(熟义:季节的)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:Every summer vacation, the grandson came to help his grandma tend vegetables and listen to her stories.
主干:the grandson came to help his grandma tend vegetables and listen to her stories
解析:and并列不定式
翻译:每一年暑假,孙子都会过来帮奶奶打理蔬菜,听她讲故事。
命题点:并列动作,细节时序
2.
句子:Grandma told him that good things take time, just as seeds need water and sunshine before they sprout.
主干:Grandma told him that…
解析:that宾语从句;just as引导类比状语从句
翻译:奶奶告诉他,美好的事物需要时间,就像种子发芽之前需要水和阳光。
命题点:类比从句,道理推断
3.
句子:The joy of harvest and the warm talks have become his most cherished childhood memories.
主干:The joy and the warm talks have become his memories
解析:并列主语
翻译:收获的喜悦和温暖的闲谈,成了他最珍视的童年回忆。
命题点:并列主语,情感主旨
2025 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材:人物故事·自行车信使重拾城市美好
一、高频核心词20个
- courier n. 信使,投递员
- bicycle n. 自行车
- pavement n. 人行道
- route n. 路线
- notice v. 留意
- hidden adj. 隐秘的
- gem n. 宝藏,好去处
- busy adj. 喧嚣忙碌的
- pause v. 驻足
- greet v. 问候
- citizen n. 市民
- rhythm n. 节奏
- sight n. 景致
- discover v. 发现
- routine n. 每日行程
- familiar adj. 熟悉的
- fresh adj. 新鲜的
- viewpoint n. 视角
- appreciate v. 欣赏
- urban adj. 城市的
二、同义替换8组
- delivery worker ↔ courier 投递员
- road ↔ route 路线
- find ↔ discover 发现
- stop briefly ↔ pause 驻足
- say hello ↔ greet 问候
- city ↔ urban 城市
- well-known ↔ familiar 熟悉的
- outlook ↔ viewpoint 视角
三、熟词生义6组
- gem n. 小众好去处(熟义:宝石)
- routine n. 投递路线(熟义:惯例)
- sight n. 城市小景致(熟义:视力)
- fresh adj. 全新感受(熟义:新鲜)
- rhythm n. 城市脉搏(熟义:节奏)
- hidden adj. 不易发现的(熟义:隐藏)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:While most people rushed in cars, he rode slowly and watched the city from a different angle.
主干:he rode slowly and watched the city
解析:while对比状语从句
翻译:当大多数人乘车匆匆赶路时,他缓慢骑行,从不一样的角度观察这座城市。
命题点:while对比逻辑,人物特点
2.
句子:He found that many beautiful little spots lay along the routes he travelled every working day.
主干:He found that…
解析:that宾语从句;定语从句he travelled修饰routes
翻译:他发现,很多美丽的小众地点就分布在他工作日每天穿行的路线上。
命题点:宾语从句+定语从句,细节定位
3.
句子:What changed him was not the job itself, but the chance to slow down and observe carefully.
主干:What changed him was not…but…
解析:what主语从句,not…but…取舍结构
翻译:改变他的不是这份工作本身,而是慢下来仔细观察的机会。
命题点:主语从句,主旨理解
2025 全国乙卷 阅读B
题材:成长叙事·失败的演讲比赛
一、高频核心词20个
- speech n. 演讲
- stage n. 舞台
- nervous adj. 紧张的
- blank adj. 空白的
- freeze v. 僵住
- embarrass v. 使尴尬
- disappointment n. 失望
- analyse v. 分析
- mistake n. 失误
- prepare v. 准备
- practise v. 演练
- breathe v. 呼吸
- accept v. 接纳
- imperfect adj. 不完美的
- courage n. 勇气
- try n. 尝试
- lesson n. 教训
- recover v. 调整过来
- confidence n. 自信
- grow v. 成长
二、同义替换8组
- feel tense ↔ nervous 紧张
- go blank ↔ freeze 大脑空白、僵住
- upset feeling ↔ disappointment 失落
- look into ↔ analyse 分析
- get ready ↔ prepare 准备
- take a shot ↔ try 尝试
- build up ↔ recover 调整恢复
- gain self-belief ↔ confidence 建立自信
三、熟词生义6组
- freeze v. 大脑僵住(熟义:结冰)
- blank adj. 头脑空白(熟义:空白的)
- stage n. 比赛舞台(熟义:阶段)
- lesson n. 挫折教训(熟义:课)
- accept v. 接纳失利(熟义:接受)
- recover v. 情绪平复(熟义:康复)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:When he stepped onto the stage, sudden fear made his mind go blank and he forgot all his lines.
主干:sudden fear made his mind go blank and he forgot all his lines
解析:when时间状语从句;make sb do
翻译:当他走上舞台,突如其来的恐惧让他大脑一片空白,忘掉了所有台词。
命题点:时间状语从句,细节过程
2.
句子:Although he lost the competition, he refused to let this failure stop him from trying again.
主干:he refused to let this failure stop him
解析:although让步状语从句;stop sb from doing
翻译:虽然输掉比赛,但他不愿让这次失败阻止自己再次尝试。
命题点:让步从句,人物态度推断
3.
句子:The most valuable thing he learned was that courage means acting even when you feel afraid.
主干:The most valuable thing was that…
解析:定语从句he learned修饰thing;that表语从句;when状语从句
翻译:他学到最宝贵的道理是:勇气就是心怀恐惧依然行动。
命题点:定语+表语从句,主旨感悟
2025 北京卷 阅读B
题材:志愿者故事·海边清理塑料垃圾
一、高频核心词20个
- coastline n. 海岸线
- plastic n. 塑料
- litter n. 垃圾
- collect v. 捡拾
- tide n. 潮水
- harm v. 伤害
- marine adj. 海洋的
- creature n. 生物
- campaign n. 志愿活动
- raise v. 提升(意识)
- awareness n. 意识
- sort v. 分类
- recycle v. 回收
- effort n. 努力
- team n. 小队
- sweat n. 汗水
- worthwhile adj. 值得的
- difference n. 改变,影响
- continue v. 坚持
- protect v. 保护
二、同义替换8组
- rubbish ↔ litter 垃圾
- sea life ↔ marine creature 海洋生物
- pick up ↔ collect 捡拾
- call for action ↔ campaign 志愿行动
- knowledge ↔ awareness 意识
- separate ↔ sort 分类
- make a change ↔ make a difference 带来改变
- guard ↔ protect 保护
三、熟词生义6组
- tide n. 海潮(熟义:趋势)
- campaign n. 公益活动(熟义:竞选)
- raise v. 唤起意识(熟义:举起;筹集)
- litter n. 散落废弃物(熟义:乱扔)
- difference n. 积极改变(熟义:差别)
- worthwhile adj. 有意义的(熟义:值得)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:Every month, a group of volunteers come to the beach to pick up plastic litter left by the tide.
主干:a group of volunteers come to the beach
解析:不定式to pick up作目的状语;过去分词left作后置定语
翻译:每个月,一队志愿者来到海滩捡拾潮水留下的塑料垃圾。
命题点:目的状语、后置定语,细节定位
2.
句子:They hope that their work can remind visitors not to leave rubbish and respect the ocean.
主干:They hope that…
解析:that宾语从句;remind sb not to do
翻译:他们希望自己的行动可以提醒游客不要遗留垃圾、敬畏海洋。
命题点:宾语从句,活动目的
3.
句子:Though a single clean-up seems small, many small efforts together can greatly protect the coastline.
主干:many small efforts together can greatly protect the coastline
解析:though让步状语从句
翻译:单次清理看似微不足道,但无数微小的努力汇聚起来,可以极大地保护海岸线。
命题点:让步逻辑,主旨观点
2026 全国一卷 阅读B
题材:个人经历·旧相机重拾摄影热爱
一、高频核心词20个
- camera n. 相机
- vintage adj. 复古的
- click v. 按下快门
- frame n. 取景框
- film n. 胶卷
- develop v. 冲洗(照片)
- wait v. 等待
- expectation n. 期待
- imperfect adj. 不完美的
- charm n. 独特魅力
- abandon v. 搁置,放弃
- digital adj. 数码的
- rush v. 仓促拍摄
- slow v. 放慢
- focus v. 专注
- moment n. 瞬间
- treasure v. 珍视
- rediscover v. 重新发现
- passion n. 热爱
- memory n. 回忆
二、同义替换8组
- old-style ↔ vintage 复古的
- take a photo ↔ click the shutter 按下快门拍摄
- process ↔ develop 冲洗胶卷
- give up ↔ abandon 放弃、搁置
- hurry ↔ rush 仓促
- concentrate ↔ focus 专注
- find again ↔ rediscover 重新发现
- love ↔ passion 热爱
三、熟词生义6组
- film n. 胶卷(熟义:电影)
- develop v. 冲洗相片(熟义:发展)
- frame n. 取景框(熟义:框架)
- click v. 按快门(熟义:点击)
- charm n. 瑕疵带来的韵味(熟义:魅力)
- expectation n. 对成片的期待(熟义:期望)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:Unlike digital cameras which show pictures at once, this old camera required him to wait days to see the result.
主干:this old camera required him to wait days
解析:which定语从句修饰digital cameras;unlike引导对比
翻译:数码相机可以立刻看到照片,而这台老相机需要他等待数日才能看到成片。
命题点:定语从句+对比,细节对比推断
2.
句子:What attracted him most was the special charm carried by those slightly imperfect photos.
主干:What attracted him most was the special charm
解析:what主语从句;过去分词carried作后置定语
翻译:最吸引他的,是那些略有瑕疵的照片自带的独特韵味。
命题点:主语从句,审美观点
3.
句子:Using the film camera forced him to slow down and pay more attention to the moments he wanted to record.
主干:Using the film camera forced him to slow down and pay more attention
解析:动名词作主语;定语从句he wanted to record修饰moments
翻译:使用胶卷相机迫使他慢下来,更加用心对待自己想要记录的瞬间。
命题点:动名词主语,因果推断
2026 全国二卷 阅读B
题材:温情叙事·帮小镇书店渡过难关
一、高频核心词20个
- bookstore n. 书店
- independent adj. 独立自营的
- struggle v. 艰难维持
- compete v. 竞争
- online adj. 线上的
- customer n. 顾客
- campaign n. 支持活动
- support v. 支持
- donate v. 捐助
- shelf n. 书架
- warmth n. 温情
- community n. 社区
- gather v. 聚集
- event n. 线下活动
- author n. 作家
- sign v. 签售
- survive v. 存续
- precious adj. 珍贵的
- bond n. 联结
- belong v. 归属
二、同义替换8组
- fight to stay open ↔ struggle 艰难维持
- take part in competition ↔ compete 竞争
- shopper ↔ customer 顾客
- back up ↔ support 支持
- raise money ↔ donate 捐助
- get together ↔ gather 聚集
- stay in business ↔ survive 存续经营
- valuable ↔ precious 珍贵的
三、熟词生义6组
- independent adj. 独立自营(熟义:独立的)
- struggle v. 经营维艰(熟义:挣扎)
- sign v. 签书(熟义:签名)
- bond n. 邻里羁绊(熟义:纽带)
- belong v. 有归属感(熟义:属于)
- campaign n. 帮扶活动(熟义:运动)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:As online book sales grew fast, the small local bookstore began to struggle and faced the risk of closing.
主干:the small local bookstore began to struggle and faced the risk
解析:as引导原因状语从句
翻译:随着线上图书销售快速增长,这家本地小书店经营艰难,面临关门风险。
命题点:as原因从句,背景推断
2.
句子:Many readers launched a campaign because they believed the bookstore was more than just a place to buy books.
主干:Many readers launched a campaign
解析:because原因状语从句;more than 不仅仅
翻译:很多读者发起帮扶活动,因为他们相信这家书店远不止一个买书的地方。
命题点:原因从句,观点理解
3.
句子:The activities that they held brought neighbours together and strengthened the tie inside the whole community.
主干:The activities brought neighbours together and strengthened the tie
解析:that定语从句修饰activities
翻译:他们举办的各类活动让邻里相聚,加固了整个社区的联结。
命题点:定语从句,结果推断
2026 全国甲卷 阅读B
题材:成长故事·学习滑冰,直面摔倒
一、高频核心词20个
- skate v. 滑冰
- rink n. 冰场
- slip v. 滑倒
- fall n. & v. 摔倒
- painful adj. 疼痛的
- courage n. 勇气
- balance n. 平衡
- steady adj. 稳定的
- practise v. 练习
- coach n. 教练
- instruction n. 指导
- adjust v. 调整姿势
- patience n. 耐心
- progress n. 进步
- cheer v. 鼓励
- overcome v. 克服恐惧
- fear n. 恐惧
- steady adj. 平稳的
- achievement n. 成就
- lesson n. 启示
二、同义替换8组
- lose balance ↔ slip 打滑失衡
- hurtful ↔ painful 疼痛的
- keep steady ↔ balance 保持平衡
- teacher ↔ coach 教练
- guidance ↔ instruction 指导
- make changes ↔ adjust 调整
- fright ↔ fear 恐惧
- gain progress ↔ progress 取得进步
三、熟词生义6组
- rink n. 滑冰场(熟义:溜冰场)
- fall n. 跌倒(熟义:秋天)
- steady adj. 身姿平稳(熟义:稳定)
- adjust v. 调整体态(熟义:调节)
- lesson n. 人生启示(熟义:课程)
- cheer v. 鼓劲(熟义:欢呼)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:He fell down many times during the first few weeks and almost decided to give up skating.
主干:He fell down many times and almost decided to give up skating
解析:and并列谓语
翻译:最开始几周他摔了很多次,几乎决定放弃滑冰。
命题点:并列动作,细节心理变化
2.
句子:His coach told him that falling is part of learning and only those who keep trying finally master it.
主干:His coach told him that…
解析:that宾语从句;who定语从句修饰those
翻译:教练告诉他,摔倒是学习的一部分,只有不断尝试的人才能最终掌握。
命题点:宾语从句+定语从句,道理推断
3.
句子:The real victory is not never falling, but being willing to stand up again after every fall.
主干:The real victory is not…but…
解析:not…but…取舍对比结构
翻译:真正的胜利不是永不摔倒,而是每次跌倒之后愿意重新站起。
命题点:对比结构,主旨句
2026 全国乙卷 阅读B
题材:人物叙事·徒步摄影师记录乡村变迁
一、高频核心词20个
- wander v. 漫游行走
- photograph v. 拍摄
- rural adj. 乡村的
- shift n. 变迁,变化
- record v. 记录
- preserve v. 留存
- disappearing adj. 正在消失的
- tradition n. 传统
- dialogue n. 交谈
- local n. 当地人
- sincere adj. 真诚的
- capture v. 捕捉画面
- texture n. 质感
- emotion n. 情感
- journey n. 行程
- documentary n. 纪实作品
- value v. 珍视
- memory n. 记忆
- timeless adj. 永恒的
- heritage n. 遗产
二、同义替换8组
- walk around ↔ wander 漫游
- change ↔ shift 变迁
- keep safe ↔ preserve 留存保护
- vanishing ↔ disappearing 消失的
- talk ↔ dialogue 交谈
- resident ↔ local 当地人
- catch ↔ capture 捕捉画面
- cultural treasure ↔ heritage 文化遗产
三、熟词生义6组
- shift n. 时代变迁(熟义:转移)
- capture v. 抓拍人文画面(熟义:捕获)
- texture n. 乡土质感(熟义:纹理)
- local n. 当地村民(熟义:本地的)
- timeless adj. 不会随时间褪色的(熟义:无时间限制)
- documentary n. 纪实影像(熟义:纪录片)
四、长难句3句
1.
句子:He spent years wandering across remote villages to take photos of old traditions that were slowly disappearing.
主干:He spent years wandering across remote villages
解析:不定式to take photos目的状语;that定语从句修饰traditions
翻译:他花费数年走遍偏远村落,拍摄那些正在慢慢消失的古老传统。
命题点:目的状语、定语从句,细节定位
2.
句子:What he wanted to do was not just take beautiful pictures but keep a record of people’s real life.
主干:What he wanted to do was not…but…
解析:what主语从句;not…but…取舍结构
翻译:他想做的不只是拍出好看的照片,而是记录人们真实的生活。
命题点:主语从句,创作理念
3.
句子:Through his photos, viewers can feel the quiet emotion hidden behind the great changes of the countryside.
主干:viewers can feel the quiet emotion
解析:hidden过去分词后置定语修饰emotion;through方式状语
翻译:透过他的照片,观者能够感受到乡村巨大变迁背后那份沉静的情感。
命题点:后置定语,情感推断
学习建议
配套联动:可与A篇应用文素材、高频固定搭配同步学习,区分应用文表达与叙事类语言风格,避免句型混用。
分层突破:优先掌握熟词生义,词义猜测题是B篇高频题型;其次吃透同义替换,快速锁定细节信息;借助长难句梳理叙事逻辑,读懂隐含情感与作者态度。
自测方法:遮住单词释义自测词义;同义替换做到双向快速反应;长难句先自主划出主干、翻译,再对照解析查漏补缺。
情感词积累:B篇大量考查态度、情感类形容词,单独整理积极/消极/中性情感词,应对作者观点、推断题。
限时训练:单篇B篇建议控制在6分钟以内完成,读完故事先梳理人物、起因、经过、感悟,再做题。
定期复盘:同类叙事词汇、情感表达会跨年份复现,每周选取3篇复盘,重点复盘做错的推断题对应的原文句子。

